AI Ethics for Researchers
Master AI ethics for researchers end to end. 66 deep dives across 396 lessons covering research-ethics foundations (Belmont Report, Helsinki / CIOMS, Common Rule / IRB, history, failure modes), AI-specific research ethics (ML experiment ethics, online experimentation, synthetic subjects, agent research, frontier-capability research), dual-use research of concern (DURC overview, AI categories, disclosure decision, responsible disclosure, weapons research, rights-affecting research), participants & consent (informed consent, vulnerable populations, recruitment, annotator ethics, debrief, compensation), data ethics in research (collection, protection, de-identification, sharing, synthetic data, training-data ethics), publication & reproducibility (COPE / ICMJE, NeurIPS Reproducibility Checklist, preprint ethics, peer review ethics, research integrity, open science), IRBs / ethics boards / review (protocol drafting, industry ethics review, consequence scanning, ethics impact assessment / FRIA, training, incident response), computational research ethics (compute & environmental, compute equity, code, model release, evaluation, AI-assisted research), funding / conflicts / industry ties (funding source ethics, COI, industry-academia, external influence, researcher rights, diversity & inclusion), specific domains & frontier topics (healthcare, education, social science, neurotech, AGI / frontier, future), and operations / standards / resources (programme, standards, professional codes, tools, reading & communities, careers).
AI ethics for researchers is the discipline of doing AI research in a way that respects participants, society, the field, and the future — and proving that the work was done that way. It sits at the intersection of classical research ethics (Belmont Report, Common Rule, Declaration of Helsinki, CIOMS, IRB process), AI-specific concerns (dual-use research of concern, frontier capability research, agent ethics, synthetic-subject research), participant ethics (informed consent, vulnerable populations, fair recruitment, annotator ethics), data ethics (collection, protection, de-identification, sharing, training-data ethics), publication and reproducibility (COPE / ICMJE norms, NeurIPS reproducibility checklist, AI-assisted research disclosure), the IRB / industry ethics-board landscape, and the funding / industry-tie / conflict-of-interest layer that decides whether research preserves its independence.
This track is written for the practitioners doing this work day to day: AI / ML researchers in academia and industry, frontier-lab safety and capability researchers, applied scientists, PhD students, postdocs, IRB members and chairs, ethics-board members, ethics-clinic consultants, research integrity officers, and the cross-functional partners (legal, privacy, security, policy) who interlock with research. Every topic explains the underlying discipline (drawing on Belmont, Helsinki, CIOMS, the Common Rule, the canonical research-ethics literature, COPE / ICMJE / ACM / IEEE codes, FAccT / AIES / NeurIPS norms, ISO / IEEE 7000 / OECD / UNESCO AI ethics standards, and the lived experience of practitioners who have stood programmes up), the practical methodology that operationalises it, the artefacts and rituals that make it stick, and the failure modes where research ethics work quietly fails to protect anyone.
All Topics
66 AI research-ethics topics organized into 11 categories. Each has 6 detailed lessons with frameworks, methodologies, and operational patterns.
Research Ethics Foundations
Research Ethics Overview for AI
Master research ethics for AI work. Learn the lineage from human-subjects research, the canonical principles, the AI-specific extensions, and the operating model used by mature labs.
6 LessonsBelmont Report Principles
Apply the Belmont Report to AI research. Learn respect for persons, beneficence, justice, the AI-specific operationalisation, and the failure modes when principles drift into platitudes.
6 LessonsHelsinki, CIOMS & International Frameworks
Read the international frameworks. Learn Declaration of Helsinki, CIOMS Guidelines, Council of Europe conventions, UNESCO bioethics, and the cross-border implications for AI research.
6 LessonsCommon Rule & IRB Process
Navigate the Common Rule and IRB. Learn the 2018 Common Rule revisions, exempt / expedited / full review categories, IRB submission, the AI-specific evolving guidance, and timelines.
6 LessonsResearch Ethics History & Landmark Cases
Stand on the shoulders of the people who built this field. Learn Tuskegee, Stanford Prison, Milgram, Facebook contagion, OkCupid, Cornell IRB-shopping, Reddit Tay, and the AI-era cases.
6 LessonsResearch Ethics Failure Modes
Recognise research-ethics failure modes early. Learn IRB-shopping, post-hoc justification, scope creep, theatre, dual-use ignorance, and the discipline that prevents each.
6 LessonsAI-Specific Research Ethics
AI Research Ethics Distinctives
Map what makes AI research ethics different. Learn dual-use, scale, opacity, foundation-model concerns, agent autonomy, the human-subjects question, and the publication-disclosure trade-off.
6 LessonsML Experiment Ethics
Run ML experiments ethically. Learn experiment design, holdout protection, eval-set hygiene, the do-no-harm rule, the deception question, and reproducibility ethics.
6 LessonsOnline Experimentation Ethics
Run A/B tests and online experiments ethically. Learn the Facebook contagion lesson, harm thresholds, opt-out, the IRB question for industry research, and disclosure norms.
6 LessonsSynthetic Subjects in Research
Reason about synthetic-subject research. Learn LLMs-as-subjects, simulated populations, validity concerns, the substitution-for-human-subjects ethics, and the disclosure norms in publication.
6 LessonsAgent Research Ethics
Run agent research ethically. Learn sandboxing, third-party-impact considerations, autonomous-action authorisation, multi-agent ethics, and the responsible publication discipline.
6 LessonsFrontier AI Research Ethics
Reason about frontier AI research ethics. Learn capability-research ethics, dangerous-capability evals, the RSP linkage, the disclosure question, and the cross-lab collaboration norms.
6 LessonsDual-Use Research of Concern
Dual-Use Research of Concern Overview
Master dual-use research of concern (DURC). Learn the canonical definitions, the bioethics lineage, the AI-specific framing, identification triggers, and review structures.
6 LessonsAI Dual-Use Categories
Map AI dual-use categories. Learn CBRN uplift, cyber-offensive uplift, mass persuasion, surveillance, autonomous-weapons-adjacent, and the per-category review pattern.
6 LessonsResearch Disclosure Decision
Decide whether and how to publish dual-use findings. Learn the disclose / defer / restrict framework, the embargo pattern, AISI / regulator-only disclosure, and the public-good calculus.
6 LessonsResponsible Disclosure for Researchers
Disclose research findings responsibly. Learn the AI-specific CVD adaptation, vendor coordination, multi-lab coordination, the AISI engagement pattern, and credit / authorship.
6 LessonsAI & Weapons Research Ethics
Reason about AI in weapons research. Learn the autonomous-weapons debate, Stop Killer Robots / FLI / OCAP positions, IHL constraints, and the per-researcher conscientious objection.
6 LessonsRights-Affecting Research Ethics
Research ethics for rights-affecting AI. Learn surveillance / face-recognition / predictive-policing research, community engagement, harm-likelihood assessment, and the publication restraint pattern.
6 LessonsParticipants & Consent
Informed Consent in AI Studies
Engineer informed consent for AI studies. Learn the canonical elements, plain-language standards, AI-specific disclosure requirements, ongoing consent, and the digital-first consent pattern.
6 LessonsVulnerable Populations
Protect vulnerable populations in AI research. Learn the Common Rule list, additional safeguards, child-research ethics (COPPA, AADC), the prisoners and decisionally-impaired protections.
6 LessonsParticipant Recruitment
Recruit participants ethically. Learn fair-recruitment principles, compensation ethics, the MTurk / Prolific / panel landscape, undue inducement, and inclusion / exclusion criteria fairness.
6 LessonsAnnotator Ethics
Treat annotators ethically. Learn the labour-ethics question, traumatic-content exposure, fair pay, the trust & safety reviewer overlap, training, and the disclosure norm in publication.
6 LessonsParticipant Debrief & Withdrawal
Run participant debrief and withdrawal correctly. Learn the debrief content standard, deception-research debrief obligations, withdrawal-of-consent processing, and data deletion on withdrawal.
6 LessonsParticipant Compensation Ethics
Set participant compensation ethically. Learn the floor (avoid exploitation), the ceiling (avoid undue inducement), study-effort calibration, equitable compensation across demographics, and disclosure.
6 LessonsData Ethics in Research
Research Data Collection Ethics
Collect research data ethically. Learn data-minimisation in research, lawful basis, source-permission, web-scrape ethics, and the link to research IRBs and institutional data-governance.
6 LessonsResearch Data Protection
Protect research data with proportionate controls. Learn classification, encryption, access controls, secure-enclave research patterns, and the data-management plan (DMP) standard.
6 LessonsDe-Identification & Anonymisation in Research
De-identify research data well. Learn HIPAA Safe Harbor, expert determination, k-anonymity / l-diversity, differential privacy in research, and the re-identification residual risk.
6 LessonsData Sharing & Reuse Ethics
Share research data ethically. Learn FAIR principles, controlled-access repositories, DUA / DTA mechanics, the consent-for-future-use question, and the AI-training-data-reuse problem.
6 LessonsSynthetic Data in Research
Use synthetic data in research ethically. Learn fidelity-vs-privacy trade-offs, validity claims, disclosure of synthetic-data use, the bias-laundering trap, and the auditability requirement.
6 LessonsTraining Data Ethics in Research
Apply training-data ethics to research. Learn provenance, copyright posture, opt-out honour, contamination checking, and the cross-track integration with AI Disclosure & Provenance.
6 LessonsPublication & Reproducibility
Publication Ethics
Publish AI research ethically. Learn the canonical norms (COPE, ICMJE), authorship discipline, conflict-of-interest disclosure, retraction patterns, and AI-specific disclosure (LLM use).
6 LessonsReproducibility Ethics
Reproduce and be reproduced ethically. Learn ML reproducibility checklists (NeurIPS, ML Reproducibility Challenge), code / data release, compute disclosure, and the dual-use restriction question.
6 LessonsPreprint Ethics
Use preprints (arXiv, OpenReview, bioRxiv) ethically. Learn timing, dual-use restraint, the embargo question, withdrawal protocol, and the AI-specific disclosure of LLM-assisted writing.
6 LessonsPeer Review Ethics
Review peer ethically. Learn confidentiality, COI, AI-assisted review disclosure, fairness across language / institution / region, and the canonical reviewer code.
6 LessonsResearch Integrity
Maintain research integrity. Learn the canonical violations (fabrication, falsification, plagiarism), AI-era violations (image manipulation, fake citations, hallucination-based claims), and prevention.
6 LessonsOpen Science Ethics
Practice open science ethically. Learn the open-science principles, the dual-use exception, the open-access funder mandate, FAIR / CARE / TRUST principles, and the equity question.
6 LessonsIRBs, Ethics Boards & Review
IRB Protocol Drafting
Draft IRB protocols that get approved. Learn the canonical sections, AI-specific protocol elements, common reviewer concerns, the amendment process, and the closure / continuing-review pattern.
6 LessonsIndustry Ethics Review
Run industry ethics review (no academic IRB). Learn the canonical models (Google ATEAC, Microsoft AETHER, Meta Responsible AI, OpenAI / Anthropic / GDM internal), composition, and decision rights.
6 LessonsConsequence Scanning & Ethics Workshops
Run consequence scanning and ethics workshops. Learn the doteveryone consequence-scanning method, the IDEAS framework, ethics OKRs, and the workshop-to-action pattern.
6 LessonsEthics & Algorithmic Impact Assessment
Run ethics impact assessment. Learn AIAs (Canadian Directive, AI Now style), DPIAs / DEIAs, the AI Act FRIA (Fundamental Rights Impact Assessment), and the assessment-to-mitigation pattern.
6 LessonsResearch Ethics Training
Run research ethics training. Learn CITI Program / TRREE / ERaSME modules, AI-specific module gaps, the just-in-time training pattern, and ongoing-development tracking.
6 LessonsResearch Ethics Incident Response
Respond to research-ethics incidents. Learn intake, triage, investigation, the protect-the-whistleblower discipline, remediation patterns, and the public-disclosure decision framework.
6 LessonsComputational Research Ethics
Compute & Environmental Ethics
Reason about compute and environmental ethics. Learn the carbon-cost question, water usage, energy disclosure, the model-cards-for-energy pattern, and the canonical research lineage.
6 LessonsCompute Equity
Reason about compute equity. Learn the compute-haves vs have-nots question, the National AI Research Resource (NAIRR) initiative, frontier vs accessible research, and equity-aware norms.
6 LessonsResearch Code Ethics
Apply research code ethics. Learn licensing (MIT / Apache / GPL / RAIL / OpenRAIL-M), responsible-AI license clauses, code-release timing, vulnerability handling, and dependency hygiene.
6 LessonsResearch Model Release Decisions
Decide on research model release. Learn open-weights / API-only / restricted / closed framing, the structured-access pattern, the staged-release pattern, and the canonical case studies.
6 LessonsEvaluation Ethics
Evaluate AI ethically. Learn benchmark hygiene, contamination, the leaderboard-gaming problem, slice eval, eval-set IP and reuse, and the disclosure-of-eval-limitations norm.
6 LessonsEthics of AI-Assisted Research
Use AI assistants ethically in research. Learn LLM-augmented writing / coding / analysis disclosure, hallucination management, citation integrity, peer-review use, and venue-specific policy.
6 LessonsFunding, Conflicts & Industry Ties
Funding Source Ethics
Reason about research funding ethics. Learn the canonical funder taxonomy, dual-use funding, mil / def funding ethics, big-tech funding influence, and the disclosure / decline pattern.
6 LessonsConflict of Interest Management
Manage research conflicts of interest. Learn financial / non-financial COI, the disclosure standard across venues, recusal patterns, and the AI-specific industry-tie patterns.
6 LessonsIndustry-Academia Collaboration Ethics
Collaborate across industry and academia ethically. Learn IP / publication / data-access / authorship norms, the Stanford / MIT / CMU / DeepMind canonical agreements, and failure modes.
6 LessonsExternal Influence on Research
Recognise external influence on research. Learn funder pressure, industry capture patterns, the lobbying-via-research playbook, and institutional safeguards (firewalls, blind review, registration).
6 LessonsResearcher Rights & Protections
Know researcher rights and protections. Learn whistleblower law, academic freedom, the AI-lab firing controversies, the publication-rights clause, and the support-network pattern.
6 LessonsDiversity & Inclusion in AI Research
Make AI research more diverse and inclusive. Learn underrepresentation data, the participation pipeline, conference accessibility, the BlackInAI / WiML / LatinXinAI / QueerInAI patterns.
6 LessonsSpecific Domains & Frontier Topics
Healthcare AI Research Ethics
Research healthcare AI ethically. Learn HIPAA + IRB + clinical-trial integration, the FDA SaMD pathway, clinical-equipoise, the AMA / WHO ethics guidance, and the deployment-research split.
6 LessonsEducation AI Research Ethics
Research educational AI ethically. Learn FERPA + IRB integration, the COPPA / AADC overlay, the student-as-vulnerable-population framing, and the educator / learner consent question.
6 LessonsSocial Science AI Research Ethics
Research social-science AI ethically. Learn the ASA / APSA / APA codes, the field-experiment ethics question, online-platform research, and the IRB-shopping problem.
6 LessonsNeurotech & BCI Research Ethics
Research neurotech and BCI ethically. Learn the IEEE Neuroethics Initiative, the BRAIN Initiative ethics, mental-privacy / cognitive-liberty framing, and the AI-decoded-thought research norms.
6 LessonsAGI & Frontier Capability Research Ethics
Reason about AGI / frontier capability research ethics. Learn the capability-as-harm framing, RSP linkage, the international-treaty conversation, and the public-engagement norms.
6 LessonsFuture of AI Research Ethics
Reason about where AI research ethics is heading. Learn the agentic-research curve, the AISI / regulator integration, the IRB modernisation conversation, and the strategic-posture template.
6 LessonsOperations, Standards & Resources
Research Ethics Programme
Stand up a research ethics programme. Learn the charter, the IRB / AETHER-equivalent, training, ethics-clinic, the integration with engineering, and the maturity model.
6 LessonsResearch Ethics Standards Landscape
Read the research ethics standards landscape. Learn ISO 31050 (AI ethics), IEEE 7000 series, OECD AI Principles, UNESCO AI Ethics, and the standards-mapping discipline.
6 LessonsProfessional Codes for AI Researchers
Read the professional codes that bind AI researchers. Learn ACM Code of Ethics, IEEE Ethical Algorithm, ASA / APSA / APA codes, and the code-violation pathway.
6 LessonsResearch Ethics Tools
Adopt research ethics tools. Learn IRBNet / iRIS / Cayuse for IRB workflow, ethics-canvas / IDEAS for design, model / system cards, AIA / FRIA templates, and the toolkit-coverage discipline.
6 LessonsResearch Ethics Reading & Communities
Build a research ethics reading list and find your community. Learn the canonical books, journals (Big Data & Society, AI & Ethics, FAccT), conferences, and the practitioner network pattern.
6 LessonsBuilding a Research Ethics Career
Build a career in AI research ethics. Learn the role landscape, the academic / industry / policy split, credentialing, mentorship patterns, and the long-game career-strategy template.
6 Lessons